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Akhmim, is an area on the east bank of the Nile opposite
modern Sohag.
The ancient Egyptians called it Ipu
or Khent-min. To the Coptics it was Khmin or Shmin, and
so the Greeks called it Khemmis. It was once a great
center in Egypt, and the capital of the 9th Upper Egyptian
nome. Regrettably, very little of its monuments remain
today, as most building material was dismantled and used in
nearby villages during the Middle Ages. Its ancient
necropolis has never been systematically
excavated.
Northeast of Akmin there is a rock chapel at el-Salamuni
that was dedicated to the local god Min. The Greek god
Pan was associated with Min, so the town was also called
Panopolis. The chapel was probably build during the
reign of Tuthmosis
III. The chapel was probably
decorated by the "First Prophet of Min, Nakhtmin during
the reign of Aya. These reliefs show Aya and his wife,
Teye worshipping local gods. Some one thousand years
later, the "Chief Priest of Min, Harma'kheru, also
decorated the tomb with representations of Ptolemy II
Philadelphus also worshipping local gods. We also know that
Psammuthis was an active builder in the area.
Left: Lid of the outer coffin of Espamai,
A priest at Akhmim in the 26th and 27th Dynasties.
There are also ruins of two temple that once stood west of
the modern town of Akhmim. They were built for Min and the
goddess Repyt (Triphis), who was regarded as Min's
companion. We believe they date from the Greek and Roman
periods, although some building material is older. It is not
clear whether these blocks were part of an older construct of
the temples, are were reused from other locations.
There are also a number of rock-cut tombs of various dates
in the area, particularly at el-Hawawish, northeast of Akhmim
and at el-Salamuni. Some are decorated with painted
circular zodiacs, and belong to officials of the nome from the
late Old Kingdom and early Middle Kingdom. Apparently, these
local rulers were able to acquire a great deal of wealth and
some power. Amenhotep
III, and 18th Dynasty Pharaoh, even
married the daughter (Tiy) of Yuya, who was an official at
Akhmim. Tiy became a very important Queen during this period,
and is believed to have been the mother of Akhenaten,
the heretic King.
The tombs in this area were first excavated by Percy Newberry
in 1912, but unfortunately had been largely plundered during
the 1880s. The tombs were more recently re-examined and
recorded by Naguib Kanawati.
Right: Colossal Statue of Meryetamun,
which measures 21 feet (6.5 meters) tall. She was the
principal consort of Rameses II after the death of Nefertari.
In addition, and not surprisingly, Christian cemeteries have also been found in
the area which were excavated in the late nineteenth
century. Sohag across the Nile is considered a major
Christian center in Egypt. These provided many examples of wool, linen and
silk fabric which have helped to define a chronological
framework for the study of textiles between the Hellenistic
and Islamic periods.
Recent excavations by Egyptian archaeologists have
uncovered a colossal statue of Rameses II and
Meryetamun.
There are many artifacts in various museums, including
stelae and coffins, which are known to have come from Akmim.
Unfortunately, the circumstances around their discoveries are
mostly unknown.

Coffin of a woman named Tamin from the Roman
period cemetery at Akmin
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