The private tomb of Kheruef (Kheruf), TT 192 in the Asasif
district, is the largest such tomb on the West
Bank at Luxor
(ancient Thebes).
Even though there is no evidence that Kheruef was ever buried
here and it was unfinished, the tomb is one of the most
important, both religiously and historically, in the Theban
necropolis. It has helped us understand the history of rituals celebrating
kingship. The owner was most likely an significant
individual who organized the first and third jubilees for Amenhotep
III, though he probably died in during the reign of Amenhotep
IV (Akhenaten). He was a Royal Scribe and First Herald to the King, he was later appointed Steward to Queen
Tiy.
Left: Amenhotep III and Tiy, behind him.
The tomb was first explored by the German Egyptologist
Adolph Erman in 1885. This investigation was later published
by Heinrich Brugsch in his Thesaurus Inscriptionum
Aegyptiacarum in 1891. In the 1940s, Alan Gardiner also worked
the tomb and then after it was robbed in the 1940s, the
Egyptian Department of Antiquities in association with the
Epigraphic Survey of the University of Chicago cleared,
recorded and finally published their results in 1980.
The tomb is entered through a descending corridor that
first leads to a large open court with pillared porticoes on
both the east and west sides. This is the only portion of the
tomb that is decorated. There is a possibility that, though
most of the tomb had been constructed, at this point in its
decoration the roof collapsed, and work was halted. For some
reason, apparently enemies, we are told of Amen, Amenhotep IV
and Kheruef, later defaced images of all three.
The most important scenes within the tomb are those on the
west wall of the court. However, in the corridors we
find scenes of Kheruef adoring Ra, Amenhotep IV with Tiy
offering wine to Ra-Horakhty and Matt,
Amenhotep IV and Tiy offering incenses before Atum and Hathor,
and a scene of Amenhotep IV adoring Ra- Horakty and also with
Amenhotep III and Tiy.
Left: Perhaps foreign princesses at
Amenhotep III's jubilee
On the west wall of the court are a number of elegant
scenes. South of the rear doorway are important scenes
that document Amenhotep III's first jubilee, which was held on
the 27th day of the second month of the third season of his
30th year of rule, according to the inscriptions. These
include separate scenes depicting Kheruef, Amenhotep III and
queen Tiy, along with others. Here, we find, dressed in
his jubilee clothing, Amenhotep II on his throne beside Hathor
and Queen Tiy. The king is awarding Kheruef the gold of Honor.
We also find a scene of Amenhotep III and Queen Tiy leaving
their palace and another scene where the king and queen, along
with Kheruef, are being towed in a boat and met by their
daughters and a number of priests. Another scene shows
singers, dancers and musicians, including the first known occurrence
of a round drum, or tambourine.
To the north of the rear door of the court we find
similarly styled scenes depicting Amenhotep III's third
jubilee. This took place in his 37th year, and one important
scene depicts the raising of the djed-pillar by the king and
priests. This ritual is accompanied by singers, dancers,
bought from the Western Desert Oases, as well as ritual combat
involving boxing and stick fencing.
Right: Dancers and Flutists taking part
in Amenhotep III's Jubile
The erection of the Tet(Djed)-pillar was performed on the Thirtieth day of
Khoiakh, as the final rite within the festival of this month. It was a
symbol of stability and the act of erecting it on this day probably represented the resurrection
of Osiris and the rebirth and accession of the new king. The
Tet(Djed)-pillar was one of the most significant symbols of the Egyptian religion. It symbolized the idea of stability and duration.
Also on this wall are scenes of cattle and donkeys ritually
walking around the walls of Memphis,
and the preparation and transport of offerings. All of
these scenes were so important to the ancient priests that a
thousand years later they surrounded these images with a wall
and still visited this tomb.

Dancers from the Western Desert
From there, one passes through a doorway at the rear of the
first hall into a second, broad columned hall. Here, fragments
of two gray granite and quartzite statues of Kheruef were
discovered. In the southwest corner of this broad hall is a
shaft that descends, making several right hand turns, before
passing through one burial chamber before ending at a second
burial chamber. From a doorway in the rear of the broad,
columned hall, one passes through a final doorway that leads
to long, pillared hall that has a statue niche at on the
rearward, western side.
References:
| Title |
Author |
Date |
Publisher |
Reference Number |
|
Valley of the Kings |
Weeks, Kent R. |
2001 |
Friedman/Fairfax |
ISBN 1-5866-3295-7 |
|
Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, The |
Shaw, Ian |
2000 |
Oxford University Press |
ISBN 0-19-815034-2 |
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