Inscriptions written between the eyebrow and eyelid
on the front and back of this
udjat eye read:
"khopri, who is in his divine bark, the great dog,
chief of the great temple" (i.e. the Temple of
Heliopolis), and "Ra-Harakhty, the great god, who is
in the night bark, lord of heaven and lord of
earth." It is evident, therefore, that the
udjat
eye, in this instance, represents the Eye of Ra, not
the Eye of Horus, a less common significance of the
symbol, but not exceptional. The two
barques in which
the sun-god traveled - by day across the sky and by
night through the underworld - were sometimes
identified with the eyes of the sun-god and
consequently with both the left and right
udjat
eyes. Khopri represented the sun-god at sunrise in
the east, and the Egyptians called the east the
"left", which accords with the fact that the eye, if
viewed from the side on which Khopri is named (shown
in this illustration), is the left eye. If it is
turned round it becomes the right eye; the word for
west (where the god entered his night bark) was the
"right". Ra-Harakhty is mentioned in the "right eye"
inscription as being in the night bark. Further,
though not conclusive, evidence that this
udjat
eye represents the Eye of Ra is provided by the
presence of the cobra, which symbolizes the uraeus
on the god's brow. That uraeus was itself regarded
as the eye of the sun-god. Behind the cobra and
under the eye is a single hieroglyphic sign for
"protection," indicating that the king would receive
the protection of the Eye of Ra.
According to
another legend about the Eye of Ra, the sun-god
ruled on earth as a king, but when he grew old
people plotted against him. On hearing about their
evil designs, Ra consulted some of his fellow gods,
who urged him to send his eye in the form of the
goddess
Hathor to destroy his disloyal subjects. He
accepted their advice and Hathor set forth on her
destructive mission. Before it was completed,
however, Ra relented and spared the survivors.
Hathor, in this connection, is usually called the
udjat eye and is so named in a spell in the
Book
of the Dead (Chapter 167), which is devoted to the
return of the Eye of Ra after the massacre. It
begins with these words: "Thoth has brought the
udjat eye, he has appeased the udjat eye
after Ra had sent her out and she had become
exceedingly angry." Thoth played a similar role in
restoring the udjat eye to Horus and it is
clear that the two legends have been conflated.
The necklace, on which this pectoral was
suspended in the layer of amulets nearest to the
king's mummy, consists of blue faience, plain gold,
and granulated gold cylindrical beads. At the top of
the necklace, instead of a counterpoise, the
repetition is broken by a large bead of black resin
set between granulated gold cups flanked by
granulated gold beads resembling miniature
mesketu bracelets.