This collar consists of several rows of
faience
beads. While the technique of making faience had
been in existence long before Tutankhamun came to
the throne, it was only in the reign of his
predecessor, Akhenaten, that these brightly colored
collars imitating floral garlands first came into
extensive use. Each row represents a particular
fruit or berry, a petal, or a leaf.
Cornflower,
lotus, and mandrake were among the flowers, and
olive and willow were the
trees whose leaves the
Egyptians of the New Kingdom regularly used for
their garlands. The berries were usually from the
nightshade plant.
P.E. Newberry, one of Carter's
associates, was able to determine the season in
which Tutankhamun was buried based on the growing
seasons of the plants used in the king's garlands.
According to Newberry, the burial occurred from the
middle of March to the end of April. One of the many
garlands placed around the third, or innermost,
coffin consisted of both real flowers and glass
beads. other collars made completely of faience
beads were found on the mummy, and still others were
strewn about the various chambers of the tomb.
Made of ground quartzite combined with an element
for pigmentation, the faience beads could be shaped
by hand or cast in a mold. They were then dried and
fired, producing a hard, porcelain-like finish. The
white glaze of the terminals illustrated here
contains an elaborate design consisting of several
rows of floral petals, flowers, and fruit. Five
flexible strands of beads, each ending in a blossom,
are suspended from the terminals.